The binding of a series of phenylpiperazines (3) and benzoylpiperazines (4) to central serotonin (5-HT) sites was investigated. Several derivatives of 3 displayed nanomolar affinities for 5-HT1 sites, whereas derivatives of 4 were essentially inactive both at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 sites. 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine (2-MPP, 3a) was found to possess an affinity (Ki = 35 nM) for 5-HT1 sites comparable to that of the recognized 5-HT agonist 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (TFMPP) (Ki = 20 nM); 3a also displayed a 100-fold selectivity for 5-HT1 sites (as compared to 8-fold for TFMPP). In tests of stimulus generalization using rats trained to discriminate TFMPP (ED50 = 0.17 mg/kg) from saline, 3a was found to be nearly equipotent (ED50 = 0.22 mg/kg) with the training drug. These results suggest that 3a may be a novel and more selective 5-HT1 agonist than TFMPP.